Female sex accounted for 55.6% of the participants. The analytic sample comprised 4346 individuals with a mean age of 39.1 years. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of the independent variables with vision loss. Visual acuity was assessed by clinicians and participants' subjective response to vision-related questions. Vision loss was defined as presenting visual acuity (PVA) worse than Snellen 6/12 in the better eye. Secondary analyses were conducted using data from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1), a population-based national health survey conducted from 2011 to 2012. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of vision loss and its associated factors in South Africa using a population-based survey. Although existing literature have reported on the prevalence, causes, and impact of vision loss on the quality of life of affected individuals (children and adults) in parts of South Africa, there is no evidence of the prevalence and associated factors of vision loss in the general population. Vision loss is a major public health concern that significantly affects developing countries, including South Africa. The study also found product offering as one of the determinants of marketing fees in medical schemes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found some evidence of factors that impacted marketing fees.
The number of benefit options also attracted a higher marketing expense for medical schemes, with more than four benefit options attracting more elevated levels of marketing fees. Similarly, very large and large schemes spend more on marketing fees compared to medium and small. Results: The results indicated that restricted schemes spent significantly less on marketing than open medical schemes in 2019. The review period of the study was the 2019 expenditure data reported by medical schemes in South Africa. Methods: The study entailed a univariate analysis of factors that affect marketing activities and expenditure and their impact on scheme performance. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the extent to which certain factors affected marketing activities and expenditure impact scheme performance. Abstract-Background: Marketing strategies are viewed as an investment in many corporate entities, often used as tools to maximise shareholders' returns.
Background: Marketing strategies are viewed as an investment in many corporate entities, often used as tools to maximise shareholders' returns.